$NVDA $NOK $LITE $COHR NVDA PUBLIC EQUITY INVESTMENTS: SCOPE AND CONCLUSION
Analysis through May 13, 2026 identifies 18 public-company NVIDIA equity or equity-linked investments over the last 10 years, subject to the important limitation that NVIDIA does not disclose every individual investment check size, especially when participating in multi-investor private rounds or when a public holding is first visible only through Form 13F. The identified public-company universe comprises SoundHound AI, TuSimple Holdings/CreateAI, Serve Robotics, CoreWeave, Recursion Pharmaceuticals, Arm Holdings, Nano-X Imaging, Applied Digital, Nebius Group, WeRide, Intel, Nokia, Synopsys, Lumentum, Coherent, Marvell, Corning, and IREN. This universe includes direct PIPEs, IPO allocations, private placements, 13F-disclosed public equity holdings, 13G-disclosed beneficial ownership, pre-IPO investments in companies that later became public, and announced 2026 equity-linked strategic structures. Purely private companies that were not listed as of May 13, 2026, acquisitions, ordinary commercial supply agreements without disclosed equity, and customer financing without disclosed equity are excluded.
The most important investment conclusion is that NVIDIA’s public-company equity program moved from relatively small, venture-style AI and autonomy option value in 2017-2024 toward large-scale strategic balance-sheet deployment in 2025-2026 across AI cloud capacity, x86 compute, telecom/AI-RAN, EDA, optical components, silicon photonics, data-center connectivity, and power/data-center infrastructure. NVIDIA’s Q4 2023 public equity portfolio contained Arm, Nano-X, Recursion, SoundHound, and TuSimple; by Q4 2025 it had rotated into CoreWeave, Intel, Nebius, Nokia, and Synopsys. That rotation is strategically significant because the capital increasingly targets bottlenecks that could constrain NVIDIA’s own revenue flywheel: AI-cloud capacity, data-center networking, optical interconnects, EDA/simulation, CPU/GPU system integration, AI-RAN adoption, and next-generation AI factory deployment. The program is therefore less accurately characterized as passive financial investing and more accurately characterized as ecosystem-capacity financing, with financial upside attached to strategic demand creation. (SEC)
TRANSACTION RECORD
SOUNDHOUND AI, INC. Listing: Nasdaq: SOUN. Date: Jan 31, 2017 for the disclosed private financing; Dec 31, 2023 for NVIDIA’s first clearly visible public 13F holding in the period reviewed; Q4 2024 for exit. Transaction size: SoundHound raised $75M from investors including NVIDIA, Samsung Catalyst Fund, Kleiner Perkins, and others; NVIDIA’s individual check size was not disclosed. NVIDIA later reported 1,730,883 SoundHound shares worth $3.7M at Dec 31, 2023, with the position rising in market value to $6.8M at Jun 30, 2024 and $8.1M at Sep 30, 2024 before being exited in Q4 2024. Description: SoundHound is a conversational AI and voice-interface company; the investment fit NVIDIA’s early AI application ecosystem strategy rather than the later hard-infrastructure financing strategy. (TechCrunch)
TUSIMPLE HOLDINGS INC. / CREATEAI. Listing: formerly Nasdaq: TSP. Date: Aug 16, 2017 for the disclosed private investment; Dec 31, 2023 for NVIDIA’s visible public 13F holding. Transaction size: TuSimple raised $20M in a round led by Sina, with NVIDIA participating as a strategic investor; NVIDIA’s individual check size was not disclosed. NVIDIA later reported 3,465,372 TuSimple shares worth $3.0M at Dec 31, 2023. Description: TuSimple was an autonomous trucking and self-driving software company. The position was consistent with NVIDIA’s DRIVE/autonomous-vehicle ecosystem strategy and represented an early autonomy platform option rather than a later AI-infrastructure bottleneck investment. (TechCrunch)
SERVE ROBOTICS INC. Listing: Nasdaq: SERV. Dates: NVIDIA began investing in Serve in 2022; Serve completed its business combination on Jul 31, 2023; NVIDIA’s Jan 2, 2024 convertible promissory note converted into 1,050,129 shares on Apr 22, 2024; NVIDIA disclosed 10.0% beneficial ownership in July 2024; the 13F position was visible in Q2 2024 and Q3 2024 and was exited in Q4 2024. Transaction size: Serve disclosed that NVIDIA had invested more than $12M since 2022, including $9M through 2022 SAFEs. NVIDIA owned 2,676,904 shares immediately after the business combination, including 62,500 shares purchased in a concurrent private placement, and later held 3,727,033 shares after note conversion. Market value was $7.3M at Jun 30, 2024 and $29.6M at Sep 30, 2024. Description: Serve Robotics develops autonomous sidewalk delivery robots. The investment was a robotics/autonomy application exposure and was monetized before NVIDIA’s 2025-2026 shift toward much larger infrastructure and supply-chain transactions. (Serve Robotics)
COREWEAVE, INC. Listing: Nasdaq: CRWV. Dates: Apr 2023 for NVIDIA’s pre-IPO investment; Mar 2025 for IPO participation; Jan 26, 2026 for the later $2B strategic stock investment. Transaction size: NVIDIA reportedly invested $100M in Apr 2023 by purchasing 17.9M preferred shares at $5.58 per share, then invested an additional $250M in CoreWeave’s Mar 2025 IPO at $40 per share, acquiring 6.25M shares. NVIDIA then invested $2B in CoreWeave Class A common stock at $87.20 per share on Jan 26, 2026, bringing identified NVIDIA equity capital deployed into CoreWeave to approximately $2.35B. NVIDIA’s Q1 2025 13F showed 24,182,460 shares worth $896.7M, and its Q4 2025 13F showed 24,277,573 shares worth $1.74B before the Jan 2026 incremental purchase. Description: CoreWeave is an AI-native cloud and accelerated compute provider built around NVIDIA GPU infrastructure. This is one of NVIDIA’s most strategically important ecosystem investments because it supports AI factory capacity, GPU cluster deployment, and downstream demand absorption for NVIDIA accelerated computing systems. (Barron's)
RECURSION PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. Listing: Nasdaq: RXRX. Date: Jul 12, 2023. Transaction size: NVIDIA made a $50M PIPE investment. NVIDIA’s Q4 2023 13F showed 7,706,363 shares worth $76.0M; the position remained visible through Q3 2025 and was no longer present in the Q4 2025 13F portfolio. Description: Recursion is an AI-enabled drug discovery company. The investment targeted biological and chemical foundation models, with the strategic collaboration centered on NVIDIA’s BioNeMo platform and DGX Cloud. This was a vertical AI software/science exposure, not a core supply-chain capacity transaction. (Recursion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.)
ARM HOLDINGS PLC. Listing: Nasdaq: ARM ADS. Dates: Sep 2023 IPO; Dec 31, 2023 for NVIDIA’s first 13F-disclosed holding; Q4 2024 for the 43.8% position reduction; Q4 2025 for the full exit from the 13F portfolio. Transaction size: Arm priced 102.5M ADS at $51 per ADS in Sep 2023. NVIDIA held 1,960,784 ADS at Dec 31, 2023, implying an IPO allocation of approximately $100M if purchased at the IPO price; the position was worth $147.3M at Dec 31, 2023. NVIDIA reduced the position to 1,101,249 shares by Dec 31, 2024 and sold the remaining stake by Q4 2025. Description: Arm is a CPU architecture IP and processor ecosystem company. The investment had clear strategic relevance to NVIDIA’s Grace CPU, data-center CPU architecture, edge/client compute, and heterogeneous computing roadmap, although it was later monetized as NVIDIA concentrated public equity capital into AI infrastructure and supply-chain partners. (Arm Investor Relations)
NANO-X IMAGING LTD. Listing: Nasdaq: NNOX. Date: Dec 31, 2023 for NVIDIA’s first visible 13F holding in the period reviewed. Transaction size: the underlying NVIDIA transaction price and acquisition date were not publicly disclosed in the reviewed materials. NVIDIA reported 59,632 shares worth $0.4M at Dec 31, 2023, $0.4M at Jun 30, 2024, and $0.4M at Sep 30, 2024, before exiting in Q4 2024. Description: Nano-X Imaging is a medical imaging company. The position was small and appears best classified as a legacy or exploratory AI/healthcare-related public equity stake rather than a strategic platform investment. (SEC)
APPLIED DIGITAL CORPORATION. Listing: Nasdaq: APLD. Date: Sep 5, 2024. Transaction size: Applied Digital announced a $160M strategic financing through the issuance of 49,382,720 shares at $3.24 per share to investors including NVIDIA. NVIDIA’s individual check was not explicitly disclosed in the company release, but NVIDIA’s Q3 2024 13F showed 7,716,050 shares; at the disclosed $3.24 issue price, that share count implies approximately $25M of gross NVIDIA participation if the shares were purchased in that financing. The position was worth $63.7M at Sep 30, 2024, $59.0M at Dec 31, 2024, and $177.0M at Sep 30, 2025, before being sold by Q4 2025. Description: Applied Digital develops and operates data-center and high-performance computing infrastructure for AI workloads. The investment was a bridge between NVIDIA’s earlier AI application investments and its later, larger AI data-center capacity strategy. (Applied Digital Corporation)
NEBIUS GROUP N.V. Listing: Nasdaq: NBIS Class A. Dates: Dec 2, 2024 for the initial strategic private placement; Mar 11, 2026 for NVIDIA’s later $2B investment commitment. Transaction size: Nebius announced a $700M private placement with investors including Accel, NVIDIA, and Orbis in Dec 2024. The placement comprised 33,333,334 Class A shares at $21 per share; NVIDIA’s individual allocation was not separately disclosed. NVIDIA’s Q4 2024 13F showed 1,190,476 Nebius shares worth $33.0M, which implies approximately $25M at the $21 placement price if that full position came from the Dec 2024 placement. On Mar 11, 2026, NVIDIA agreed to invest $2B in Nebius, with press reporting indicating an approximately 8.3% stake at $94.94 per share. Description: Nebius is a full-stack AI cloud and “neocloud” infrastructure provider. The strategic logic is direct: Nebius intends to deploy more than 5 GW of AI infrastructure by 2030, and NVIDIA’s equity capital supports a customer and infrastructure partner capable of absorbing large-scale NVIDIA systems. (Nebius)
WERIDE INC. Listing: Nasdaq: WRD ADS. Date: Q4 2024 for NVIDIA’s first visible 13F-disclosed public holding. Transaction size: NVIDIA’s purchase price was not disclosed. NVIDIA reported 1,738,563 WeRide ADS worth $24.7M at Dec 31, 2024 and the same share count worth $17.2M at Sep 30, 2025; the position was sold by Q4 2025. Description: WeRide is an autonomous-driving company with robotaxi and autonomous mobility exposure. The investment fit NVIDIA’s autonomy ecosystem strategy and was later exited as the 13F portfolio concentrated into AI cloud, silicon, telecom, and EDA infrastructure names. (SEC)
INTEL CORPORATION. Listing: Nasdaq: INTC. Date: Sep 18, 2025. Transaction size: NVIDIA invested $5B in Intel common stock at $23.28 per share; NVIDIA’s Q4 2025 13F showed 214,776,632 Intel shares worth $7.93B, consistent with the disclosed investment size and share price. Description: The transaction created a strategic collaboration under which Intel would build NVIDIA-custom x86 CPUs for AI infrastructure and x86 RTX SOCs integrating NVIDIA RTX GPU chiplets through NVLink. The deal was strategically important because it tied NVIDIA to x86 CPU supply, PC/AI PC integration, data-center CPU customization, and broader system-level platform expansion while also supporting Intel’s capital structure and market credibility. (NVIDIA Investor Relations)
NOKIA OYJ / NOKIA CORPORATION. Listings: Nasdaq Helsinki: NOKIA; Euronext Paris: NOKIA; NYSE: NOK ADS. Date: Oct 28, 2025. Transaction size: NVIDIA agreed to invest $1.0B in Nokia at $6.01 per share, with Nokia issuing 166,389,351 new shares to NVIDIA. Nokia stated that NVIDIA would become a 2.90% shareholder following the issuance. NVIDIA’s Q4 2025 13F showed 166,389,351 Nokia ADS worth $1.08B. Description: Nokia and NVIDIA framed the transaction around AI-RAN, 5G Advanced, 6G, and data-center networking. The investment is strategically significant because radio access networks are a major potential adjacency for accelerated computing, and AI-RAN could expand NVIDIA’s addressable market from data-center GPUs into telecom infrastructure. (Nokia Corporation | Nokia)
SYNOPSYS, INC. Listing: Nasdaq: SNPS. Date: Dec 1, 2025. Transaction size: NVIDIA invested $2B in Synopsys common stock at $414.79 per share; NVIDIA’s Q4 2025 13F showed 4,821,717 Synopsys shares worth $2.26B. Description: Synopsys is a leading electronic design automation and engineering simulation company. The strategic partnership centers on CUDA acceleration, agentic AI, physical AI, Omniverse digital twins, engineering simulation, and semiconductor design workflows. The investment sits directly in NVIDIA’s ecosystem flywheel because faster EDA and simulation workloads can increase demand for accelerated computing while strengthening the toolchain used by semiconductor, systems, robotics, automotive, and industrial customers. (Synopsys Investor Relations)
LUMENTUM HOLDINGS INC. Listing: Nasdaq: LITE. Date: Mar 2, 2026. Transaction size: NVIDIA agreed to invest $2B in Lumentum, alongside multibillion-dollar purchase commitments and access rights to future capacity for advanced laser components. Description: Lumentum supplies photonic and optical components, including lasers critical to high-speed data-center connectivity. The investment is strategically significant because optical interconnect bandwidth and laser supply are potential scaling constraints for AI factories. NVIDIA’s capital appears aimed at expanding R&D, capacity, operations, and U.S. manufacturing to support next-generation AI data-center architectures. (NVIDIA Investor Relations)
COHERENT CORP. Listing: NYSE: COHR. Date: Mar 2, 2026. Transaction size: NVIDIA agreed to invest $2B in Coherent, accompanied by a nonexclusive multibillion-dollar purchase commitment and access to future capacity for advanced laser and optical networking products. Description: Coherent is a major optical materials, lasers, and optical networking supplier. The strategic logic is similar to Lumentum: AI factories require substantial growth in optical bandwidth, and NVIDIA is using equity capital plus purchase commitments to secure access to advanced optical components and accelerate capacity expansion. (NVIDIA Newsroom)
MARVELL TECHNOLOGY, INC. Listing: Nasdaq: MRVL. Date: Mar 31, 2026. Transaction size: NVIDIA agreed to invest $2B in Marvell. Description: Marvell is a custom silicon, networking, and connectivity semiconductor supplier. The strategic partnership is centered on NVLink Fusion, custom XPUs, scale-up networking, silicon photonics, AI-RAN, and AI factory connectivity. The investment strengthens NVIDIA’s position across custom compute and networking silicon, where hyperscale customers are increasingly demanding semi-custom system architectures rather than purely merchant GPU deployments. (NVIDIA Newsroom)
CORNING INCORPORATED. Listing: NYSE: GLW. Date: May 6, 2026. Transaction size: Corning issued NVIDIA 2 equity-linked instruments: a traditional warrant to purchase up to 15M common shares at $180 per share and a prefunded warrant to purchase up to 3M common shares at $0.0001 per share, for an aggregate upfront purchase price of $500M. If the 15M traditional warrants are fully exercised, the total potential cash outlay would be approximately $3.2B, excluding de minimis prefunded warrant exercise payments. Description: Corning and NVIDIA announced a long-term partnership to expand U.S. optical connectivity manufacturing for NVIDIA-accelerated data centers, with plans to increase capacity by up to 10x, produce more than 50% of Corning’s global fiber capacity in the U.S., add 3 manufacturing facilities, and create more than 3,000 U.S. jobs. The transaction is equity-linked rather than a simple common-stock purchase at inception, and it targets physical optical infrastructure required for AI data-center scaling.
IREN LIMITED. Listing: Nasdaq: IREN. Date: May 7, 2026. Transaction size: NVIDIA received a 5-year right to purchase up to 30M IREN ordinary shares at $70 per share, equivalent to up to $2.1B of potential equity purchase value, subject to customary closing conditions and regulatory approvals. This is an equity purchase right rather than an immediate fully funded common-stock investment. Description: IREN is a vertically integrated AI cloud and data-center operator. The partnership targets deployment of up to 5 GW of NVIDIA DSX-aligned AI infrastructure, with initial focus on IREN’s 2 GW Sweetwater campus in Texas. The “Iron” reference appears to map to IREN rather than a company named Iron, based on the May 2026 NVIDIA/IREN transaction. Strategically, the transaction extends NVIDIA’s AI factory financing model into power-rich data-center campuses that can support large-scale GPU cluster deployment. (NVIDIA Newsroom)
AGGREGATE INVESTMENT INTERPRETATION
The known and inferable NVIDIA public-company capital exposure across this 10-year period is heavily skewed by 2025-2026 transactions. Early positions in SoundHound, TuSimple, Serve, Nano-X, Recursion, Arm, Applied Digital, WeRide, and the initial Nebius placement were mostly small relative to NVIDIA’s balance sheet, often below $100M or undisclosed within broader financing rounds. By contrast, the 2025-2026 announced strategic investments included $5B into Intel, $2B into Synopsys, $1B into Nokia, $2.35B of identified equity capital into CoreWeave including the Jan 2026 $2B purchase, $2B into Nebius, $2B into Lumentum, $2B into Coherent, $2B into Marvell, up to approximately $3.2B of Corning warrant-linked cash exposure if fully exercised, and up to $2.1B of IREN equity purchase rights if fully exercised. The headline announced/up-to exposure therefore materially exceeds the cash already deployed, because Corning and IREN are equity-linked rights rather than simple funded common-stock purchases, and because several earlier positions have been exited. Nonetheless, the direction of travel is clear: NVIDIA has increasingly been using equity capital to accelerate deployment of the infrastructure layers most likely to determine the slope and durability of AI compute demand.
The most investable read-through is that NVIDIA’s strategic investing has become a demand-chain and supply-chain management tool. CoreWeave and Nebius support AI cloud capacity and GPU absorption. Intel expands platform optionality around x86 CPU integration and PC/data-center systems. Nokia creates a credible AI-RAN route into telecom infrastructure. Synopsys accelerates EDA and simulation workloads that pull through GPU demand. Lumentum, Coherent, Corning, and Marvell address optical, networking, and silicon-photonics constraints that become more acute as clusters scale. IREN addresses power and AI factory campus availability. These transactions can be accretive to NVIDIA’s strategic moat if they unlock constrained demand, reduce ecosystem friction, and broaden the addressable market for accelerated computing. They also introduce governance and circularity questions because capital is being deployed into customers, suppliers, and ecosystem partners whose spending or capacity plans may directly influence NVIDIA revenue. From an investment-committee standpoint, the central analytical issue is therefore not whether these are attractive minority investments on a standalone IRR basis, but whether the equity outlays improve the probability, timing, and scale of multi-year AI infrastructure deployment that otherwise would be delayed by financing, power, optical, networking, CPU, EDA, or telecom adoption constraints.